Functions, Duties and Powers of the Bank To issue bank notes and coins To formulate necessary monetary policies. To formulate foreign exchange policies and implementation To determine the system of foreign exchange rate To manage and operate foreign exchange reserve; To issue license to commercial banks and financial institutions to carry on banking and financial business and to regulate, inspect, supervise and monitor such transactions; To act as a banker, advisor and financial agent of Government of Nepal; To act as the banker of commercial banks and financial institutions and to function as the lender of the last resort; To establish and promote the system of payment, clearing and settlement and to regulate these activities; and To implement or cause to implement any other necessary functi...